Linux系统如何查看硬件信息

Linux系统中如何查看硬件信息呢？在Linux系统中有许多命令可以查看硬件信息，下面为大家详细讲解一下查看Linux硬件信息的各种方法，有需要的小伙伴可以参考一下。

一、查看服务器硬件信息

（1）查看服务器型号、序列号

[root@Master ~]# dmidecode|grep “System Information” -A9|egrep “Manufacturer|Product|Serial”** **

（2）查看主板型号 [root@Master ~]# dmidecode |grep -A16 “System Information$”

（3）查看BIOS信息

 [root@Master ~]# dmidecode -t bios
 # dmidecode 2.12
 SMBIOS 2.8 present.
 
 Handle 0x0008, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
 BIOS Information
         Vendor: HP
         Version: U19
         Release Date: 12/27/2015
         Address: 0xF0000
         Runtime Size: 64 kB
         ROM Size: 16384 kB
         Characteristics:
                 PCI is supported
                 PNP is supported
                 BIOS is upgradeable
                 BIOS shadowing is allowed
                 ESCD support is available
                 Boot from CD is supported
                 Selectable boot is supported
                 EDD is supported
                 5.25"/360 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                 5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                 3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                 Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
                 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
                 Serial services are supported (int 14h)
                 Printer services are supported (int 17h)
                 CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
                 ACPI is supported
                 USB legacy is supported
                 BIOS boot specification is supported
                 Function key-initiated network boot is supported
                 Targeted content distribution is supported
                 UEFI is supported
         BIOS Revision: 2.0
         Firmware Revision: 2.40

（3）查看内存槽及内存条

 [root@Master ~]# dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -23
 Memory Device
         Array Handle: 0x000A
         Error Information Handle: Not Provided
         Total Width: 72 bits
         Data Width: 64 bits
         Size: 16384 MB
         Form Factor: DIMM
         Set: None
         Locator: PROC 1 DIMM 1
         Bank Locator: Not Specified
         Type: DDR4
         Type Detail: Synchronous Registered (Buffered)
         Speed: 2133 MHz
         Manufacturer: HP    
         Serial Number: Not Specified
         Asset Tag: Not Specified
         Part Number: 752369-081
         Rank: 2
         Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MHz
         Minimum Voltage:  1.2 V
         Maximum Voltage:  1.2 V
         Configured Voltage:  1.2 V
 
 [root@Master ~]#

（4）查看网卡信息

 [root@Master ~]# dmesg | grep -i Ethernet
 igb: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver - version 5.3.0-k
 igb 0000:04:00.0: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
 igb 0000:04:00.1: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
 igb 0000:04:00.2: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
 igb 0000:04:00.3: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
 igb 0000:02:00.0: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection
 igb 0000:02:00.1: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Connection

（5） 查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息

 [root@Master ~]# lspci | head -10
 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 DMI2 (rev 02)
 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 02)
 00:01.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 02)
 00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
 00:02.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
 00:02.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
 00:02.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 02)
 00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02)
 00:03.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02)
 00:03.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev 02)

二、查看CPU信息  

（1）查看cpu型号

 [root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
      40  Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz

（2）查看系统中实际物理CPU的数量（物理）

 [root@Master ~]# grep 'physical id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort | uniq | wc -l
 2

（3）系统中实际物理CPU的数量（核数）

 [root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'processor'|wc -l
 40

（4）查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)

 [root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "cores"|uniq
 cpu cores       : 10

（5）查看CPU的主频

 [root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep MHz|uniq
 cpu MHz         : 1200.000
 cpu MHz         : 2300.000
 cpu MHz         : 1200.000

（6）查看CPU的详细信息

 [root@Master ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | head -20
 processor       : 0                           //逻辑处理器的ID
 vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
 cpu family      : 6
 model           : 63
 model name      : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz   //CPU型号
 stepping        : 2
 microcode       : 54
 cpu MHz         : 1200.000
 cache size      : 25600 KB
 physical id     : 0
 siblings        : 20                //相同物理封装处理器中逻辑处理器数
 core id         : 0
 cpu cores       : 10               //相同物理封装处理器中的内核数
 apicid          : 0
 initial apicid  : 0
 fpu             : yes
 fpu_exception   : yes
 cpuid level     : 15
 wp              : yes
 flags           : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm ida arat epb xsaveopt pln pts dtherm tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid cqm cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc

（7）查看CPU的相关信息

 [root@Master ~]# lscpu
 Architecture:          x86_64
 CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
 Byte Order:            Little Endian
 CPU(s):                40
 On-line CPU(s) list:   0-39
 Thread(s) per core:    2
 Core(s) per socket:    10
 Socket(s):             2
 NUMA node(s):          2
 Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
 CPU family:            6
 Model:                 63
 Model name:            Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2650 v3 @ 2.30GHz
 Stepping:              2
 CPU MHz:               1200.000
 BogoMIPS:              4594.43
 Virtualization:        VT-x
 L1d cache:             32K
 L1i cache:             32K
 L2 cache:              256K
 L3 cache:              25600K
 NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-9,20-29
 NUMA node1 CPU(s):     10-19,30-39
 [root@Master ~]#

（8）查看cpu运行模式

 [root@Master ~]# getconf LONG_BIT
 64

（9）查看cpu是否支持64bit

 [root@Master ~]#  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l
 40
 (结果大于0, 说明支持64bit计算. lm指long mode, 支持lm则是64bit)

三、查看内存信息  （1）查看内存硬件信息

 root@Master ~]# dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -24
 Handle 0x000C, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
 Memory Device
         Array Handle: 0x000A
         Error Information Handle: Not Provided
         Total Width: 72 bits
         Data Width: 64 bits
         Size: 16384 MB
         Form Factor: DIMM
         Set: None
         Locator: PROC 1 DIMM 1
         Bank Locator: Not Specified
         Type: DDR4
         Type Detail: Synchronous Registered (Buffered)
         Speed: 2133 MHz
         Manufacturer: HP    
         Serial Number: Not Specified
         Asset Tag: Not Specified
         Part Number: 752369-081
         Rank: 2
         Configured Clock Speed: 2133 MHz
         Minimum Voltage:  1.2 V
         Maximum Voltage:  1.2 V
         Configured Voltage:  1.2 V

（2）最大支持多少内存 [root@Master ~]# dmidecode|grep -P ‘Maximum\s+Capacity’

（3）Linux 查看内存的插槽数,已经使用多少插槽.每条内存多大：

（4）Linux 查看内存的频率： [root@Master ~]# dmidecode|grep -A16 “Memory Device”|grep ‘Speed’

（5）Linux 查看内存的详细信息：

 [root@Master ~]# cat /proc/meminfo |head -20
 MemTotal:       131897620 kB
 MemFree:          414124 kB
 Buffers:         1040560 kB
 Cached:         111083180 kB
 SwapCached:         1320 kB
 Active:          7637912 kB
 Inactive:       110607108 kB
 Active(anon):    4406900 kB
 Inactive(anon):  1714900 kB
 Active(file):    3231012 kB
 Inactive(file): 108892208 kB
 Unevictable:    10878976 kB
 Mlocked:         5521652 kB
 SwapTotal:      16777212 kB
 SwapFree:       16737536 kB
 Dirty:               180 kB
 Writeback:             0 kB
 AnonPages:      16999324 kB
 Mapped:           149020 kB
 Shmem:               172 kB

（6）Linux 查看内存的使用情况

 [root@Master ~]# free -m    // -b,-k,-m,-g show output in bytes, KB, MB, or GB
              total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
 Mem:        128806     123407       5398          0       1015     103474
 -/+ buffers/cache:      18918     109888
 Swap:        16383         38      16345

四、查看硬盘信息  （1）查看挂接的分区状态 [root@Master ~]# fdisk -l |grep Disk

（2）查看硬盘和分区分布

 [root@Master ~]# lsblk
 NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
 sda      8:0    0 279.4G  0 disk
 ├─sda1   8:1    0    50M  0 part /boot
 ├─sda2   8:2    0   100G  0 part /
 ├─sda3   8:3    0    50G  0 part /home
 ├─sda4   8:4    0     1K  0 part
 ├─sda5   8:5    0    16G  0 part [SWAP]
 ├─sda6   8:6    0  13.3G  0 part /tmp
 └─sda7   8:7    0   100G  0 part /usr
 sdb      8:16   0  83.7T  0 disk
 └─sdb1   8:17   0  83.7T  0 part /PureDisk

（3）查看硬盘和分区的详细信息

 [root@Master ~]# fdisk -l          
 
 Disk /dev/sda: 300.0 GB, 299966445568 bytes
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36468 cylinders
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
 Disk identifier: 0x000384d9
 
    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
 /dev/sda1   *           1           7       51200   83  Linux
 Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
 /dev/sda2               7       13061   104857600   83  Linux
 /dev/sda3           13061       19588    52428800   83  Linux
 /dev/sda4           19588       36469   135597056    5  Extended
 /dev/sda5           19588       21677    16777216   82  Linux swap / Solaris
 /dev/sda6           21677       23415    13962240   83  Linux
 /dev/sda7           23416       36469   104854528   83  Linux
 
 WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
 
 
 Disk /dev/sdb: 92017.3 GB, 92017310654464 bytes
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11187134 cylinders
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 6029312 bytes
 Disk identifier: 0x00000000
 
    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
 /dev/sdb1               1      267350  2147483647+  ee  GPT
 Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

（4）查看挂接的分区状态

 [root@Master ~]# mount | column -t
 /dev/sda2  on  /                         type  ext4         (rw)
 proc       on  /proc                     type  proc         (rw)
 sysfs      on  /sys                      type  sysfs        (rw)
 devpts     on  /dev/pts                  type  devpts       (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
 tmpfs      on  /dev/shm                  type  tmpfs        (rw)
 /dev/sda1  on  /boot                     type  ext4         (rw)
 /dev/sda3  on  /home                     type  ext4         (rw)
 /dev/sda6  on  /tmp                      type  ext4         (rw)
 /dev/sda7  on  /usr                      type  ext4         (rw)
 /dev/sdb1  on  /PureDisk                 type  ext4         (rw)
 none       on  /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc  type  binfmt_misc  (rw

（5）查看挂接的分区状态

 [root@Master ~]# swapon -s  
 Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
 /dev/sda5                               partition       16777212        39676   -1

（6）查看硬盘使用情况

 [root@Master ~]# df -hT
 Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
 /dev/sda2      ext4    99G  561M   93G   1% /
 tmpfs          tmpfs   63G   76K   63G   1% /dev/shm
 /dev/sda1      ext4    45M   38M  4.9M  89% /boot
 /dev/sda3      ext4    50G   52M   47G   1% /home
 /dev/sda6      ext4    13G   34M   13G   1% /tmp
 /dev/sda7      ext4    99G   21G   73G  23% /usr
 /dev/sdb1      ext4    84T   41T   40T  51% /PureDisk

（7） 硬盘检测命令smartctl

 [root@Master ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda
 smartctl 5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64] (local build)
 Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
 
 Vendor:               HP      
 Product:              LOGICAL VOLUME  
 Revision:             3.56
 User Capacity:        299,966,445,568 bytes [299 GB]
 Logical block size:   512 bytes
 Logical Unit id:      0x600508b1001cc8a1b9ec4dacc5ab35dc
 Serial number:        PDNNK0BRH9U0AG  
 Device type:          disk
 Local Time is:        Mon Feb  5 13:13:33 2018 CST
 Device supports SMART and is Enabled
 Temperature Warning Disabled or Not Supported
 SMART Health Status: OK
 
 Error Counter logging not supported
 Device does not support Self Test logging

五、查看网卡信息  

（1)查看网卡硬件信息 [root@Master ~]# lspci | grep -i ‘eth’

 (2)查看系统的所有网络接口

 [root@Master ~]# ifconfig -a
 [root@Master ~]# ip link show

 (3)查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标

 [root@Master ~]# ethtool eth0
 Settings for eth0:
         Supported ports: [ FIBRE ]
         Supported link modes:   10000baseT/Full
         Supported pause frame use: No
         Supports auto-negotiation: No
         Advertised link modes:  10000baseT/Full
         Advertised pause frame use: No
         Advertised auto-negotiation: No
         Speed: 10000Mb/s
         Duplex: Full
         Port: FIBRE
         PHYAD: 0
         Transceiver: external
         Auto-negotiation: off
         Supports Wake-on: d
         Wake-on: d
         Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
                                drv probe link
         Link detected: yes

 (4)查看所有网卡的链路状态

 [root@Master ~]# for i in `seq 0 9`;do ethtool eth${i} | egrep 'eth|Link';done
 Settings for eth0:
         Link detected: yes  
 Settings for eth1:
         Link detected: yes
 Settings for eth2:
         Link detected: no
 Settings for eth3:
         Link detected: no
 Settings for eth4:
         Link detected: no
 Settings for eth5:
         Link detected: no
 Settings for eth6:
         Link detected: no
 Settings for eth7:
         Link detected: no
 Settings for eth8:
         Link detected: no
 Settings for eth9:
         Link detected: no

六、列出所有PCI设备信息  

 [root@Master ~]# lspci -tv | more
 -+-[0000:ff]-+-08.0  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 0
  |           +-08.3  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 0
  |           +-09.0  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 1
  |           +-09.3  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 1
  |           +-0b.0  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring
  |           +-0b.1  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring
  |           +-0b.2  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring
  |           +-0c.0  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
  |           +-0c.1  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
  |           +-0c.2  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
  |           +-0c.3  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
  |           +-0c.4  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
  |           +-0c.5  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
  |           +-0c.6  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
  |           +-0c.7  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
  |           +-0d.0  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
  |           +-0d.1  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
  |           +-0f.0  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent
  |           +-0f.1  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent
  |           +-0f.2  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent
  |           +-0f.3  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Buffered Ring Agent

至此关于Linux系统查看硬件信息的方法分享结束，大家有任何问题都可以通过评论区将问题提交给我们。

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